Report
Movement Specific
| YUL-GOK ( Jump ) - Distance : 1 low stance |
| 36. Jump to C forming a left X-stance toward B while executing a high side strike to C with the left back fist. |
| TOI-GYE ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 29. Jump to C forming a right X-stance toward A while executing a pressing block with an X-fist. |
| CHOONG-MOO ( Flying ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 9. Execute a flying side piercing kick to D with the right foot soon after moving it to D and then land to D forming a left L-stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife-hand. |
| CHOONG-MOO ( Jump ) - On the spot |
| 19. Jump and spin around counter-clockwise, landing on the same spot to form a left L-stance toward C while executing a middle guarding block to C with a knife-hand. |
| GE-BAEK ( Flying ) - Distance: 1 walking stance from back foot of the walking stance (or shoulder width from the front foot) |
| 23. Execute a flying side piercing kick to C with the right foot. Perform 22 and 23 in a fast motion. |
| GE-BAEK ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 28. Jump to D, forming a right x-stance toward BD while executing a high block to D with the right double forearm. |
| GE-BAEK ( Move the left foot *turning kick ) - Distance: half a shoulder width |
| 33. Move the left foot to A about half a shoulder width while executing a middle turning kick to C with the right foot. |
| EUI-AM ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 7. Jump to D, forming a right x-stance toward BD while executing a high side strike to D with the right back fist bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist. |
| EUI-AM ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 20. Jump to C forming a left x-stance toward BC while executing a high side strike to C with the left back fist and bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist. |
| JUCHE ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 6. Lower the right foot to B in a jumping motion to form a right X-stance toward F while executing a downward strike to B with the right back fist. |
| JUCHE ( Strike * spinning * then land ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 12. Execute a mid-air strike to A with a left knife-hand while spinning counter-clockwise and then land to A forming a right L-stance toward A with the left arm extended. |
| JUCHE ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 18. Lower the left foot to A in a jumping motion to form a left X-stance toward E while executing a downward strike to A with the left back fist. |
| JUCHE ( Strike * spinning * then land ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 24. Execute a mid-air strike to B with a right knife-hand while spinning clockwise and then land to B forming a left L-stance toward B with the right arm extended. |
| JUCHE ( Dodging * flying away ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 34. Execute a dodging reverse turning kick to D with the right foot while flying away from D and then land to C to form a left L-stance toward D at the same time executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm. |
| JUCHE ( Dodging * flying away ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 36. Execute a dodging reverse turning kick to D with the left foot while flying away from D and then land to C to form a right L-stance toward D at the same time executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm. |
| JUCHE ( Flying two direction kick ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 37. Move the right foot to D and then the left foot to D then execute a flying two direction kick (twisting kick with the left foot, side piercing with the right foot) while flying to D. |
| JUCHE ( Flying ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 43. Execute a front punch and an upset punch to D consecutively with the right fist while flying to D and then land to D forming a close stance toward D with the right fist extended. |
| SAM-IL ( Jump ) - Distance: on the spot |
| 17. Jump and spin counter-clockwise, landing on the same spot to form a left L-stance toward B while executing a middle guarding block to B with a knife-hand. |
| CHOI-YONG ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 36. Lower the right foot to A in a jumping motion to form a right X-stance toward AD while executing a high side strike to A with the right back fist and bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist. |
| CHOI-YONG ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 43. Lower the left foot to B in a jumping motion forming a left X-stance toward BD while executing a high side strike to B with the left back fist and bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist. |
| YONG-GAE ( Flying ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 4. Execute a middle outward strike to D with the right knife-hand while flying to D and then land to D forming a left L-stance toward D with the right knife-hand extended to D. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 8. Jump to D forming a left X-stance toward AD while executing a high side strike to D with the left back fist. |
| YONG-GAE ( Flying ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 15. Execute a middle outward strike to D with the left knife-hand while flying to D and then land to D forming a right L-stance toward D with the left knife-hand extended to D. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 19. Jump to D forming a right X-stance toward D while executing a high side strike to A with the right back fist. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 29. Lower the left foot to B in a jumping motion to form a left X-stance toward D while executing a downward strike to B with the left back fist. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 36. Lower the right foot to A in a jumping motion to form a right X-stance toward AD while executing a downward strike to A with the right back fist. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jump ) - 1 shoulder width from front foot |
| 44. Jump to execute a mid-air kick to D with the right foot while spinning clockwise and then land to D to form a left L-stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife-hand. |
| YONG-GAE ( Jump ) - 1 shoulder width from front foot |
| 45. Jump to execute a mid-air kick to D with the left foot while spinning counter-clockwise and then land to D to form a right L-stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with a knife-hand. |
| UL-JI ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance ( front foot stays in the same place) |
| 17. Jump to execute a mid-air kick to B with the right foot while spinning clockwise. |
| UL-JI ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 walking stance |
| 20. Jump to D forming a right X-stance toward BD while executing a high side strike to B with the right back fist bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist. |
| UL-JI ( Jump ) - Distance: Land 1 foot length back from where the front foot was in the walking stance |
| 27. Jump to execute a flying high kick to F with the right foot. |
| UL-JI ( Jump ) - 1 L-Stance |
| 34. Move the left foot to the side rear of the right foot and the right foot to E to form a right L-stance toward F and then jump to E maintaining a right L-stance towards F while executing a middle guarding block to F with the forearm. |
| MOON-MOO ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 6. Lower the right foot to B in a jumping motion to form a right X-stance toward C while executing a middle side strike to B with the right knife-hand. |
| MOON-MOO ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 15. Lower the left foot to A in a jumping motion to form a left X-stance toward C while executing a middle side strike to A with the left knife-hand. |
| MOON-MOO ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 56. Jump to C to form a right X-stance toward AC while executing a low punch to C with the left fist and bringing the right fist on the left shoulder. |
| MOON-MOO ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 57. Jump to D forming a left X-stance toward AD while executing a low punch to D with the right fist and bringing the left fist on the right shoulder. |
| MOON-MOO ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 shoulder width from front foot |
| 58. Jump to execute a mid-air kick to D with the right foot while spinning clockwise. |
| SO-SAN ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 12. Lower the right foot to D in a jumping motion to form a right X-stance toward BD while executing a high side strike to D with the right back fist and bringing the left finger belly to the right side fist. |
| SO-SAN ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 16. Lower the left foot to D in a jumping motion to form a left X-stance toward AD while executing a high side strike to D with the left back fist and bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist. |
| SO-SAN ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 28. Jump to execute a flying front snap kick to C with the right foot. |
| SO-SAN ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 51. Jump to C, spinning counter-clockwise to form a right L-stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm. |
| SO-SAN ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 L-stance |
| 56. Jump to C, spinning clockwise to form a left L-stance toward D while executing a middle guarding block to D with the forearm. |
| SE-JONG ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 7. Jump to D to form a left X-stance toward DG while executing a high side strike to D with the left back fist, bringing the right finger belly to the left side fist. |
| SE-JONG ( Jump ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 14. Lower the left foot to C in a jumping motion, forming a left X-stance toward CF while executing a high block to C with the left double forearm. |
| TONG-IL ( Jumping motion ) - Distance: 1 Walking Stance |
| 47. Lower the left foot to C in a jumping motion, forming a left X-stance toward C while executing a pressing block with an X-fist. |
General across all patterns
Block |
| 9-shape block - Gutja Makgi |
|
This technique is used to break the elbow joint, wrist or ankle. It can also be employed to block a co-ordinated hand and foot attack against the solar plexus and lower abdomen. Both sitting and walking stances are chiefly used, although a close, parallel or X-stance can also be used. If the right forearm is the lower one it is called a right 9-shape block and vice versa. A reverse block with a walking stance is normal. |
| Alternate palm - Euhkallin Sonbadak |
|
This is chiefly performed performed with rear foot and L-stances, although occasionally a vertical or bending stance is used. (see also Downward block) |
| Bow wrist - Sonmok Dung |
| This form is created when the wrist is bent downward. It is used in blocking. Do not allow the wrist to bend too sharply. |
| Checking block - Momchau makgi |
|
This is used chiefly to block reverse turning kick and turning kick, and in rare case a hand technique against the solar plexus and points above. It is performed with X-fist, X-knife-hand, straight forearm or straight knife-hand. X-Fist ( Kyocha Joomuk ) : This is mainly executed from sitting, rear foot and L-stance though occasionally an X-stance. Right forearm is placed inside the left forearm with a right L-stance or right rear foot stance and vice versa. The crossed point should be slightly higher than the elbows at the moment of the block. X-knife-hand ( Kyocha Sonkal ) : Both the method and purpose of the block are the same as those of an X-fist except that a grabbing motion follows the block. Straight Forearm ( Sun Palmok ) : This techniques is employed for blocking the attacking tool directed at chest or area above, and is performed either with single or twin straight forearm. - Single Straight Forearm ( Wae Sun Palmok ) : This is usually executed from a rear foot or L-stance in the form of a reverse block, though occasionally sitting, parallel, close, one-leg or X-stance is used. The back forearm must be full facing the the opponent at the moment of the block in the case of a rear foot or L-stance. - Twin Straight Forearm ( Sang Sun Palmok ) : This is mainly executed from sitting , walking, close, parallel or X-stance, though occasionally a rear foot, L- or one-leg stance is used. Be sure to keep the outer forearm facing the front at the moment of the block with the exception of the rear foot or L-stance. Straight Knife-hand ( Sun Sonkal ) : Both the method and usage are the same as those of a single straight forearm. Twin Straight Knife-hand ( Sang Sun Sonkal ) : The principle of this technique is just the same as that of a twin straight forearm . |
| Circular block - Dollimyo Makgi |
|
This technique is to block a combination of hand and foot attack, and is mostly performed with an inner forearm or reverse knife-hand, though occasionally a reverse knife-hand is used. A walking stance is most suitable for this block 1. The fist or fingertip should reach the same level as the defenders shoulder. This shoulder should be slightly lower than the opposite one at the moment of the block. 2. The blocking tool should reach the attacking tool in a large circular motion to enable the blocking hand to scoop the foot. 3. Keep the body half facing the target at the moment of the block. |
| Double arc hand - Doo Bandalson Makgi |
|
This is a very useful technique to block a coordinated attack against the chest and the face. This is executed primarily from a walking stance in the form of a reverse block. The blocking tools should reach the target in a straight line. Keep the body half facing the target at the moment of the block. |
| Downward block - Naeryo Makgi |
|
The purpose of this technique is to "drop" the opponents hand, foot or weapon attacking the solar plexus and point below. It is performed with the palm, alternate palm, forearm, twin forearm, knife-hand, twin knife-hand, X-fist and X-knife-hand. In rare cases a straight elbow can be used. The blocking tool must focus at the same level as the attackers solar plexus at the moment of the block with the exception of an alternate palm. Palm: This is executed principally from rear foot and L-stances, though occasionally a walking or vertical stance is used. The blocking tool should reach its point of focus in a circular motion. Keep the elbow bent about 45 degrees outward at the moment of the block. Like the upward block, the palm, forearm and knife-hand with a walking stance can be performed in both reverse and obverse blocks. Twin palm : This is mostly performed with walking, sitting and X-stances, and occasionally close, parallel and one-leg stances are used. Alternate palm : This is chiefly performed performed with rear foot and L-stances, although occasionally a vertical or bending stance is used. Forearm : Only the outer forearm is used as a blocking tool. This technique is used to defend the rib cage and can be executed from nearly all stances. Both obverse and reverse blocks are possible though a reverse block with a rear foot or L-stance is chiefly employed. The side fist should be higher than the elbow which is bent about 45 degrees outward at the moment of the block. Twin forearm : The same stances as in the case of the twin palm block are used. Knife-hand : The principle of this technique remains the same as that of the forearm but the purpose is to defend the solar plexus rather than the rib cage. |
| Front block - Ap Makgi |
|
If the body is full facing the target and the blocking tool stays at the center of the defenders body, regardless of the blocking tool , stance used or previous position of the opponent, the block is called a front block. Its is mainly performed with the outer forearm, knife-hand, twin palm and palm, though occasionally X-fist, X-knife-hand and reverse knife-hand are used. The front block is performed in the form of an inward block in all cases except X-fist, X-knife-hand and twin palm. Be sure to bring the finger belly either to side fist or forearm when executing a low bock. Forearm : Only the outer forearm is used and is mainly executed from a walking, sitting and X-stances, though occasionally a parallel, close, one-leg or diagonal stance is used. Both obverse and reverse blocks are possible in case of walking stance. Both the knife-hand and palm are used in the same way. X-Fist : This technique is used for high and middle blocks. The walking and sitting stances are mainly used though X-, parallel or close stances are frequently used too. The X-knife-hand is used in the same way. Twin Palm : This technique is mainly executed from walking and sitting stance, and occasionally parallel, close or X-stances are employed |
| Guarding block - Daebi makgi |
|
This block is frequently used as a ready posture in free sparring, since one can position oneself in a half facing posture and protect the body completely with both hands. It is performed with a forearm, knife-hand or reverse knife-hand. Although L-stance or rear foot stance are most widely used, it can be used with all other stances 1. Keep the blocking tool half facing the target at the moment of blocking. 2. Bring the opposite knife-hand or side fist in front of the chest 3 centimeters from the body. The guarding hands should be flexible enough to protect the whole body against an attack. 3. Keep the body half facing the target at all times. |
| High block - Nopunde Makgi |
|
If the fist or Fingertip reaches the same level of the defenders eyes at the moment of block it is called a high block, It is used to intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the neck and point above. It can be executed from nearly all stances and is performed with forearm, knife-hand, reverse knife-hand, palm, side fist, back hand and double forearm. The fist or fingertip, however reaches exactly the same level as the eyes if the philtrum is attacked. |
| Hooking block - Golcho Makgi |
|
Unlike other methods of blocking , this technique requires a minimum amount of effort on the part of the defender and allows the opposite hand or foot an immediate response for counter-attacking. Though occasionally performed with an outer forearm, knife-hand or back-hand, the palm is usually most effective. This technique can be used in nearly all stances, though walking stance is commonly used. An inside block can be used but an outside block can best insure blocking of the opponents other free hand. The blocking tool must reach the target in arc so it is able to be properly placed on the opponents back forearm or outer tibia. Palm : Keep the elbow bent about 25 degrees outward and the wrist slightly inward at the moment of the block. The palm is the best tool for increasing the chances of making a successful grab. Forearm : The under forearm is the blocking tool. The purpose and method of blocking are exactly the same as as the palm except the wrist is not bent at the moment of block. Knife-hand : The method of blocking is also the same as that of the palm and the purpose is to allow the opposite hand or foot free for an immediate counter-attack. Keep the elbow slightly bent inward at the moment of the block. Back-hand : The method of blocking is the same as that of a knife-hand. |
| Horizontal block - Soopyong Makgi |
| This technique is used to protect the chest area against a coordinated attack. The twin palm is the primary tool, though a twin knife-hand can be used in rare cases. It can be executed nearly from every stance though a walking, sitting and X-stances are mostly used. |
| Inward block - Anuro Makgi |
| If the blocking tool reaches the target from an outward to inward trajectory to the chest line, it is called an inward block. This block can be executed from all stances and is used for blocking the attacking foot or hand directed to the chest line. |
| Low block - Najunde makgi |
|
The purpose of this technique is to intercept an opponents attacking foot or hand directed at the low abdomen or points below. The blocking tool , with rare exceptions , must make impact with the attackers foot or hand at the same level as the target area. The low block is performed with the outer forearm, knife-hand, reverse knife-hand, palm and side sole. |
| Middle block - Kaunde Makgi |
| If the fist or Fingertip reaches the same level of the defenders shoulder, it is called a middle block, It is used to intercept the opponents attacking tool directed at the solar plexus and areas above. It can also be executed from almost every stance and is performed with the same weapon employed for a high block in addition to the foot. |
| Outward block - Bakuro Makgi |
| When the blocking tool reaches the target from an inward to outward trajectory it is called an outward block. It can be performed with any stance. |
| Parallel block - Narani Makgi |
|
This technique is employed to block a simultaneous attack directed toward the high section of the body and is performed mainly with the outer forearm, inner forearm, knife-hand and reverse knife-hand, though back hand or back forearm is used in rare cases. This is usually executed from a sitting, parallel or walking stance, and occasionally a close one-leg or X-stance. Keep the body full facing the front at the moment of the block. Outer Forearm : It is used when blocking an attack from both sides. Keep the blocking tool facing the front at the moment of the block. The knife-hand can be used in the same way. 1. The distance between the arms is slightly wider than the shoulder width. 2. The thumb forms a straight line with the elbow. Knife-Hand : The method and principle is the same as those of an outer forearm. Inner Forearm : This is used when blocking two attacks simultaneously from each side front. Keep the back forearms facing the front with the distance between the outer forearm one shoulder width at the moment of the block. The reverse knife-hand can be used in the same way. Back Forearm : The purpose of this technique is the same as the inner forearm or reverse knife-hand. Keep the back-forearm facing outward at the moment of the block. Back hand can also be used in the same way. |
| Pressing block - Noollo Makgi |
|
This block is executed against a low attack only. This technique is used only when the defender wishes to check, rather than break the attacking foot. The palm, twin palm, forefist and X-fist are used as blocking tools Palm : This block is always accompanied by a palm upward block end executed from a low stance. This technique has a dual purpose, not only is it good for muscle and breath control exercise, but it also can block two targets simultaneously. Keep both elbows bent slightly while blocking. The instep is the only target for pressing. Forefist : The forefist is performed chiefly with sitting and diagonal stances, though occasionally a walking or low stance is used. The instep is the main target with the inner ankle joint as a secondary target. This block is always accompanied by a side front block with the opposite inner forearm in the case of a sitting or diagonal. Forefist with a walking or low stance can perform only a reverse block, and the opposite side fist must be brought in front of the shoulder at the moment of the block. Twin palm : This mainly executed from rear foot, sitting stance and walking stance and occasionally an X- or L-stance. This technique is effective against the ball of the foot, heel or knee attack. X-Fist : The X-fist can be performed from nearly every stance though walking stance and X-stance are commonly used. The x-fist is used against the tibia of the attacking foot and aimed at the defenders lower abdomen. |
| Pushing block - Miro Makgi |
|
This technique is one of the most effective forms to put the opponent off balance and is chiefly performed with the palm, though occasionally a double forearm, knife-hand or reverse knife-hand is used. Palm : This is mainly executed from a sitting stance and X-stance, though occasionally a parallel close or walking stance is employed. A reverse block is normal in the case of a walking stance. Be sure to execute the block against the shoulder or bottom area. Double forearm : This is used only for a low pushing block and is executed from rear foot, L- or fixed stances. Reverse knife-hand and knife-hand : The blocking tool reaches the target in a circular motion. |
| Reverse block - bandae makgi |
|
Low Reverse block ( Najunde Bandae Makgi ) The body becomes half facing the opponent |
| Rising block - Chookyo Makgi |
|
The main purpose of this technique is to block the opponents hand foot or weapon directed towards the head, although it is frequently used against a punch or side piercing kick directed against the bridge of the nose and area above. This block is performed with a forearm, knife-hand, X-fist, K-knife-hand, arc-hand and twin palm. Always maintain a full facing posture towards the opponent at the moment of the block, when utilizing a walking, sitting, parallel, close, one-leg, diagonal or X-stance. The blocking tool must stay at the center of the defenders forehead or face at the moment of block. Forearm : It is chiefly used against a downward strike to the forehead or skull with either a club, pole or hand. Only the outer forearm is used for blocking. This can be executed from nearly all stances, though a walking, sitting and X-stances are most commonly employed. Only a reverse block is possible in the case of a vertical, rear foot or L-stance. When the right foot is advanced, the right forearm is used and vice versa in the case of a fixed stance. Basic Principles: 1. The fist should be slight;y higher than the elbow. 2. The distance between the inner forearm and head is about seven centimeters with the elbow bent at a 45 degree angle. 3. The inner forearm reaches the same level as the forehead. Knife-hand : The method of blocking and stances used are the same as that of a forearm. The distance between the thumb and the forehead is also seven centimeters. X-Fist : This technique is particularly powerful when used against a downward strike with a pole or hand technique. The wrists must be crossed in the center of the forehead at the moment of the block. Although occasionally a close or one-leg stance is used, walking , sitting, parallel and X-stances are mostly employed. X-knife-hand : The method of blocking is the same as that of an X-fist. This technique is effective for grabbing the attacking tool immediately after blocking. Arc Hand : The arc-hand can be executed from nearly every stance , though walking and X-stances are usually preferred. The palm usually faces the defender with the exception of a reverse block from a walking stance. The blocking tool reaches the same level as the defenders forehead at the moment of the block. Twin Palm : This technique is ideal when used against a pick-shape or downward kick. An advantage of this block is to hold the attacking tool for further purposes. Sitting, walking and X-stances are chiefly used and occasionally a parallel or close stance. |
| Scooping block - Duro Makgi |
|
This is a rather effective block for putting the opponent in an untenable position by holding up the attacking foot. It is chiefly performed with a palm, and occasionally a reverse knife-hand. The blocking tool should reach the target in a large circular motion while bending the body downward at the start of the blocking. This technique is normally performed in a slow motion. Palm : The main purpose is to deliver an attack to middle section and points above immediately after scooping. It is usually executed after sitting stance or L-stance. Be sure to raise the body while scooping up the opponents foot. Reverse knife-hand : This is chiefly executed from a rear foot stance, and the main purpose is to deliver a kick rather than a punch. |
| Side front block - Yobap Makgi |
|
This technique is employed when intercepting an attack from a side front angle toward the high section of the body. It is mainly executed from close, parallel and sitting stances but occasionally one-leg and X-stances are used. The inner forearm and reverse knife-hand are the blocking tools. Only an outward block is possible. Keep the middle finger formed a straight line with the shoulder bending the elbow 80 degrees while extending the opposite arm side-downward at the moment of the block. |
| Twin forearm block - Sang Palmok Makgi |
|
This technique can be used to block a simultaneous attack from he front and the side. The side block however is the primary defense. This block can be performed with nearly all stances but walking stance. An L- or rear foot stance is chiefly used. The side blocking forearm usually performs a middle block. It should be stressed that although a rising block may also be effective against an attack toward the forehead, the side block is the primary one. When blocking from a left L-stance, bring the right forearm inside the left forearm and vice versa. |
| Twin knife-hand block - Sang Sonkal Makgi |
|
Both the method and purpose are the same as those of a twin forearm block. (Refer to twin forearm block in the menu) |
| Upward block - Ollyo Makgi |
|
The purpose of this block is to "spring up" an opponents hand, foot, dagger or stick directed against the defenders solar plexus and area above. The palm,twin palm, reverse knife-hand, twin reverse knife-hand, thumb ridge and bow wrist are used as blocking tools. The blocking tool should reach its point of focus at the defenders solar plexus. Be sure to bend the elbow about 35 degrees outward at the moment of the block. Palm : This is performed mostly with a rear foot or L-stance though occasionally a walking stance is used. The blocking tool should reach the target in a circular motion. Reverse knife-hand : Upward block with a a reverse knife-hand can be executed nearly from all stances, though rear foot and L-stances are mainly used. The blocking tool should reach its point of focus in a straight line. keep the elbow bent about 45 degrees outward at the moment of the block. Thumb Ridge : The principal of this technique is basically the same as that of a reverse knife-hand. Keep the wrist slightly bent upward at the moment of the block. Bow wrist : This is mainly executed from a rear foot stance or L-stance and occasionally a walking stance. Most important : do not bend the wrist at too severe angle. The blocking tool should reach the target in a straight line. Twin Palm : This is mainly executed from walking, sitting and X-stances and occasionally a close or parallel stance is employed. |
| U-shape block - Digutja Makgi |
|
The sole purpose of this technique is to block either a pole or bayonet with a reverse knife-hand. This is performed mainly with fixed and L-stances, though occasionally walking, rear foot, or X-stance is used. Keep both hands in a vertical line at the moment of the block. The lower elbow should be flush with the hip while leaning the body slightly towards the target at the moment of the block. |
| Waist block - Hori Makgo |
|
The use of this block is primarily to block the foot. It can however be utilized against a hand technique employed against the epigastrum or floating ribs. The blocking tool reaches the same level as the defenders waist at the moment of the block. It is usually performed with the outer forearm and inner forearm though occasionally with a palm. It is absolutely necessary to move into an opponent when blocking a turning kick or reverse turning kick. Only a reverse block is possible Outer forearm : This is chiefly executed from a rear foot or L-stance and occasionally a vertical or X-stance. The blocking tool reaches the target in a circular motion. It is mainly used against reverse turning and turning kicks and occasionally a side or back piercing kick. Inner forearm : This is chiefly executed from an L- or rear foot stance, and occasionally an X- or vertical stance. The inner forearm is also widely used against a turning kick although it is more frequently used against a side piercing or thrusting kick and punching techniques, and occasionally a front snap kick. The block is performed in a scooping motion. Palm : The palm can be used in the same way as the outer forearm |
| Wedging block - hechyo makgi |
|
This technique is used to block a twin fist vertical punch, twin fore-knuckle punch or twin knife-hand inward strike while preventing the neck , head or lapel from being grabbed. It is performed with both the outer and inner forearm, knife-hand and reverse knife-hand. The distance between the blocking tools is equal to one shoulder width of the defender. Outer forearm : This is mainly executed from a walking stance, sitting or X-stance, though occasionally a parallel, close or one leg stance is used. Keep the elbows bent about 35 degrees outward at the moment of the block. Inner forearm : This is chiefly executed from a sitting stance or X-stance, though occasionally a walking , rear foot or L-stance is used. Be sure to keep the elbows bent slightly inward at the moment of the block. The inner forearm and reverse knife-hand are performed mostly as a middle block. Knife-hand : Both the purpose and method of blocking are the same as those of an outer forearm. Reverse knife-hand : The purpose and method of this technique is the same as an inner forearm. |
| W-shape block - San Makgi |
|
This technique has dual functions: one is used against either a foot or hand technique to the philtrum and areas above , and the other is to strengthen the leg muscles. The outer forearm and knife-hand are the principle tools, though occasionally a reverse knife-hand or inner forearm is used. Although the sitting and walking stances are mostly used, parallel, close and one leg stances are also employed. The sitting, parallel, close and one-leg stances are used against the attack either from front or side whereas the walking and X-stances are only for the side. Dip the elbows slightly below the shoulder at the moment of the block . Outer forearm : It can be either full or half facing while blocking. The foot is placed with a stamping motion when blocking a single attack from the front, keeping the blocking arm full facing and straight. The foot is moved in a sliding motion to block two attacks from both sides keeping the blocking tool half facing and the elbows bent 45 degrees. The outer forearm is used in blocking the attack directed to the point above the philtrum. Stamping and sliding motion can be performed only with a sitting stance. Knife-hand : The method of blocking and purpose as well as the stances are exactly the same as those of the outer forearm. The knife-hand, however is employed when blocking an attack to the temple and areas above. Reverse knife-hand : This is employed in blocking both sides. The stances to be used are the same as those of the knife-hand, though the stamping motion is excluded. Keep the blocking tool half facing the opponent and bend the elbow 45 degrees at the moment of the block. It is chiefly employed for blocking the attack directed towards the temple and areas above. Inner forearm : The method and stances to be used are the same as those of a reverse knife-hand. It is normally used in blocking the attack to the neck and the areas above. |
| X-fist - Kyocha Joomuk |
|
Refer to the individual blocks Checking block, Downward block, Front block, Pressing block, Rising block |
| X-knife-hand - Kyocha Sonkal |
|
Refer to individual blocks Checking block, Downward block, Front block, Rising block |
Body |
| Abdomen - Bokboo |
| Armpit - |
| Chest - Gasum |
| Elbow - Palkup |
|
The elbow is created when the arm is bent sharply. It is used for attacking the solar plexus, chest , abdomen, point of the chin, ribs, jaw, cervix, small of the back etc It is classified into front, side, high, straight, upper and back elbow; frequently the straight elbow serves as a blocking tool. |
| Forearm - Palmok |
|
This is used for blocking and is classified into outer, inner, back and under forearm. One Third of the arm from wrist to elbow is used |
| Forehead - Ima |
|
Head ( Mori ) It is classified into forehead and occiput: The former is quite effective in attacking the face or chest; the latter with the mouth open may be used for attacking the face when being grasped from behind. However it is better not to use the occiput for obvious reasons. Other techniques may suffice. |
| Head - Mori |
| It is classified into forehead and occiput: The former is quite effective in attacking the face or chest; the latter with the mouth open may be used for attacking the face when being grasped from behind. However it is better not to use the occiput for obvious reasons. Other techniques may suffice. |
| Instep - Baldung |
| It is created when both the ankle and the toes are bent sharply downward and is exclusively used in the scrotum or the jaw. However the face solar plexus, floating ribs and abdomen often become good targets especially if shoes are worn. |
| Knee - Moorup |
| It is an effective tool in attacking the solar plexus, abdomen, lower abdomen, face, chest, coccyx and scrotum at a close distance. |
| Shoulder - Euhke |
|
It can be used for pushing away an opponent at a close distance. ( Not used in any patterns) |
| Side sole - Yop Bal Badak |
| This form is created when the toes are properly bent upward while bending the ankle slightly upward. It is used in blocking. |
Hand |
| Angle fingertip - Homi sonkut |
|
This is mainly performed with a walking, parallel or X-stance, though occasionally a sitting, close or one-leg stance is employed. The principle of this technique is the same as that of a crescent punch. Be sure to keep the fingertip in a vertical position to the middle section and horizontal position to the high section at the moment of impact. |
| Arc hand - Bandal son |
|
This is used for attacking the high section of the body only, and is executed mainly from walking, sitting and X-stances, and occasionally parallel, close and diagonal stances are used. A reverse strike is normal in the case of a walking stance. Double arc hand block - Doo Bandalson Makgi This is a very useful technique to block a coordinated attack against the chest and the face. This is executed primarily from a walking stance in the form of a reverse block. The blocking tools should reach the target in a straight line. Keep the body half facing the target at the moment of the block. |
| Back fist - Dung Joomuk |
| This is normally used for attacking the temple. Keep the back fist half facing the target with the arm slightly bent at the moment of impact. |
| Back hand - Sondung |
|
It is an ordinary open hand but by pressing the thumb against the side of the forefinger, it is used for attacking the face jaw lips and epigastrium. Occasionally the back hand is used for blocking. Single back hand : This can be performed with all stances, although sitting, parallel, and X-stance are mostly used. Twin back hand ; This can be executed mainly from, walking sitting and X-stances, though occasionally close. parallel or one leg-leg stance is used. |
| Finger belly - Songarak Badak |
| This is used only to adjust the back fist when attacking the philtrum by bringing it to the side fist at the moment of impact. |
| Fingertip - Sonkut |
|
This is a special tool found only in Taekwon-Do. The usage of it varies according to the target. The form of the hand is just the same as that of a knife-hand as far as straight, flat and upset fingertips are concerned. The fingertips are concerned. The fingertips are the parts used and a great emphasis is placed on evenly aligning the three fingertips - forefinger, middle finger and ring finger. Flat Fingertip ( Opun Sunkut ) The palm faced downward at the moment of impact, It is chiefly used for attacking the ribs, eyes and occasionally the abdomen. Straight Fingertip ( Sun Sonkut ) The palm faces inward at the moment of impact. It is used for thrusting to either the solar plexus or the abdomen. Upset Fingertip ( Dwijibun Sonkut ) The Palm faces upward at the moment of impact. It is mainly used for attacking the pubic region floating ribs and lower addomen , though occasionally the armpit. |
| Fist - Joomuk |
| Fore fist - Ap Joomuk |
|
The fore fist is usually used for attacking the philtrum, ribs, solar plexus, chest, abdomen,jaw etc. The main knuckles of the forefinger and middle finger are the punching parts. The top and the front of the fist should form a right angle so the punching parts can be closely contacted with the target. The wrist should not be bent when the fist is clenched. The fore fist is occasionally used for a pressing block. |
| Heaven hand - Hanulson |
| Not found in Encyclopaedia other than Patterns |
| Knife-hand - Sonkal |
|
This is a very powerful attacking tool, especially against a side target, and is used for attacking the skull, neck artery, bridge of the nose, temple, philtrum, clavicle, shoulder and floating ribs. The knife-hand is also frequently used for blocking . |
| Long fist - Ghin Joomuk |
|
This is very similar to an under fist except that the main knuckles are stiffened and the thumb is bent firmly, leaving some space between the forefinger and thumb. It is used to attack the temple or the Adam's apple. Long fist punch ( Ghin Joomuk Jirugi ) This punch is is used for a relatively farther distance and is mainly executed from a sitting, walking or L-stance but occasionally from parrallel, rear foot, close or X-stance also. The high section section of the body is the target and a reverse punch is common in the case of a walking stance. |
| Open fist - Pyon Joomuk |
|
The principle of this technique is the same as that of a fore fist front punch. A reverse punch with a walking stance is commonly used but occasionally a sitting, parallel or X-stance stance is used. |
| Palm - Sonbadak |
| Bend all the fingers slightly toward the palm to strengthen it. This is chiefly used in blocking and occasionally for attacking the face. |
Kick |
| Back piercing kick - Dwitcha jirugi |
|
The kick is quite effective for attacking an opponent approaching from the rear. The footsword is used as an attacking tool. The advantage of this technique is the ability to reach a long distance even without changing the direction of the body. Keep the toes of the stationary foot pointed to the front with the angle of the foot bent at a 45 degree angle at the moment of impact. |
| Checking kick - Cha mumchugi |
|
This technique is divided into front and side checking kicks. The former is performed with the back sole with the support of the ball of the foot while the latter uses the side sole. Unlike the previous kicks, the checking kick is kept momentarily on the target during the block. Front Checking Kick : Apcha MomChugi Since the purpose pf this kick is to restrict the opponents freedom of movement it is normally executed when the opponent rushes or attempts to close in. The chest and the solar plexus are the targets. Basic Principles 1. The blocking tool should reach the target in a straight line. 2. Keep the body half facing at the moment of impact. 3. Do not bend the stationary leg more than necessary at the moment if impact. Side Checking Kick : Yopcha Momchugi This technique has a dual function; one to block the attacking foot directed to a low section and the other to impede or check the opponents movement. In both cases the foot must be ready for a counter-attack or any type of consecutive action. The tibia or knee area is the target and the blocking tool should reach the target in an arc. |
| Consecutive kick - Yonsok Chagi |
|
When two or more kicks are executed in succession by the same foot in different directions and/or with different tools. This, as the term applies , means the technique of using two or more kicks with the same foot against a single or several opponents in succession and can be executed either after offensive or defensive kick. The secret to be borne in mind is that a good balance must be maintained at all times with the stationary foot so that the kicking foot can execute a continuous kick without lowering it to the ground or floor. This technique can be executed with any combination of kicks, for example, front snap kick with side rising kick, reverse hooking kick with side piercing kick or crescent kick with twisting kick and turning kick and so on. This is classified into double kick or triple kick and so on. |
| Crescent kick - Bandal Chagi |
|
This kick is used for blocking the attacking hand or foot to the middle section or area below. The sole of the foot is the tool which should reach the target in an arc. An advantage of the technique is that the blocking foot can readily be available for a swift counter-attack. The main target should be the elbow joint, Archilles tendon or ankle joint, with the forearm and outer or inner tibia as secondary with the forearm and outer or inner tibia as secondary. Though outside block is more effective inside block is used frequently. Keep the back heel faced downward at the moment of the block. This techniques is classified into low and middle crescent kicks. Outside block: This can best ensure for a counter attack with the same foot as the opponents other free hand and foot become ineffective. Inside Block: A special caution must be exercised when executing an inside block, since the opponent may use the opposite hand or foot for a counter attack. The same theory is applicable to a hooking Kick |
| Dodging - Pihamyo |
| This technique is employed when an opponent is at a too close range to effectively deliver a kick. Perhaps it is one of the best surprise attacks in that the kick is executed while flying away from the opponent. Flying side piercing, turning, reverse turning kicks are commonly used, though occasionally flying twisting, vertical kicks, etc. are also used. |
| Double kick - I-Jung Chagi |
| If the same Kick is delivered twice in succession in the same direction by the same foot, it is called a double kick, and can be executed against one or two opponents. |
| Downward kick - Naeryo Chagi |
|
This kick is useful for attacking an opponent by passing over an obstacle such as another person. The back heel reaches the target in a downward line from the apex of the kick. The point of focus should not be lower than the attackers own solar plexus because this may cause loss of power. The skull is the main target with clavicle the secondary target. |
| Flying high kick - Twimyo Nopi Chagi |
| This is used to attack an extremely tall opponent or a target in a high place. The ball of the foot is the main weapon though the toes can be effectively used when wearing shoes. Do not drop the foot while kicking with the other foot. |
| Front snap kick - Apcha Busigi |
|
This technique is designed to attack an opponent in the front. The face, solar plexus, abdomen, armpit and floating ribs are the targets. It is performed with the ball of the foot, instep, toes and knee and is broken down into low and middle front snap kicks are far as the ball of the foot and toes are concerned. The common principles of this kick: 1. The stationary leg must be relaxed at the moment of impact. 2. The knee of the kicking leg mst be brought sharply towards the chest prior to kicking. These two motions must be coordinated in one smooth, swift action. 3. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line. 4. The kicking foot must be withdrawn immediately after the kick and brought back to the ground or floor. 5. Carefully gauge the height and distance of the target and calculate the feasibility of using the kick. 6. The toes of the stationary foot should point to the front at the moment of impact. 7. The stationary foot must not pivot throughout the kicking. Ball of the foot : The target is varied according to the height and position of the opponent. It is advisable not to kick any target higher than ones own solar plexus. Be sure to bend the ankle and toes of the kicking slightly upward. The ball of the foot is used at a normal distance Toes : This is used only to attack the groin area. The target , however are increased greatly in number if wearing shoes. This technique is utilized when attempting to gain the greatest distance from your kick. The kicking procedure is exactly the same as the ball of the foot except that the toes are extended at the moment of impact. Knee : The knee is used to attack an opponent who is very close to the attacker. The kick is executed when the stationary leg is bent. Keep the toes of the stationary foot pointed forward at the moment of impact. Instep : The instep is used when the opponent is rather close. The kicking procedure is exactly the same as that of the ball of the foot. The scrotum is the only target. Be sure to bend both the toes and ankle downward at the moment of impact. |
| Hooking kick - Golcho Chagi |
|
The same method of hooking block with a back hand is applicable to this technique. The target areas are the elbow joint and Achilles, tendons. The blocking tool is the side instep which reaches the target in an outward curve unlike a twisting kick. It is advisable to execute the kick at the outside of the attacking hand or foot. The kicking foot can also be used as an instantaneous counter-attack motion. Keep the outer tibia facing downward at the moment of impact. This technique is divided into low and middle hooking kicks. |
| Mid-air kick - Twio Dolmyo Chagi |
|
The method of kicking is exactly the same as the flying side piercing or thrusting kick except that kick is executed whilst spinning in the air. Since the direction in which the kick will be delivered cannot be seen until the moment the kick is performed it is highly valued as a surprise attack. Spinning is executed either in 360 degrees or 180 degrees. Footsword is chiefly used although occasionally the ball of the foot. |
| Pick-shape kick - Gokaeng-i Chagi |
|
This is a variation of a downward kick. The attacking tool reaches the target in a vertical line, and besides its attacking role is frequently used in harassing and keeping away the opponent. The back heel and the ball of the foot are used as the attacking tools. Be sure to keep the kicking leg straight while it is rising. The heel of the stationary foot normally is off the ground while raising. Back Heel The skull and clavicle are the primary targets, with the chest and face secondary. The point of focus should not be lower than attacker's own shoulder and the leg should be bent about 45 degrees at the moment if impact. Ball of the foot The face is the primary target with the jaw and temple secondary. Keep the leg slightly bent at the moment of impact. |
| Pressing kick - Noollo Chagi |
|
Although the primary role of this technique is to break the knee joint or calf bone, it can be used for other purposes. This kick is divided into inward and outward kicks. The point of the focus should be lower than the knee joint of the stationary leg. Outward Kick (Bakuro Chagi) : The knee joint and shin are the main targets with the temple, philtrum and solar plexus as secondary targets. The stationary knee will lock at the moment of impact and the body should lean slightly away from the kicking foot. Footsword is used as the tool. Inward Kick (Anuro Chagi) : This kick is chiefly executed against the fossa, and occasionally the inner or outer knee joint. The knee spring of the stationary leg must be utilized correctly. Keep the leg slightly bent at the moment of impact. Side sole serves as the attacking tool. |
| Side piercing kick - Yopcha Jirugi |
|
Without a doubt this is one of the most effective techniques for attacking an opponent at the flank. The footsword is employed as an attacking tool against the temple, armpit, floating ribs and neck artery. The philtrum, point of the chin and solar plexus are secondary targets. This techniques is broken down into low, middle and high side piercing kicks. Basic principles to be observed: 1. The attacking tool must reach the target in a straight line with a revolving motion. 2. Regardless of the stance, the footsword must be bought to the inner knee joint of the stationary leg prior to delivering the kick. 3. Keep the toes of the kicking foot faced slightly downwards and the toes of the stationary kick pointed about 75 degrees outwards at the moment of impact. 4. For maximum height, lean the body away from the kick as far as possible while still maintaining the balance. 5. Do not attempt to kick diagonally as this is a waste of power. 6. Unless advised otherwise by an instructor execute a high punch using the right fist with the right foot and vice versa. 7. The stationary foot pivots allowing the hip to rotate with the kick. Double side piercing kick (I-jung yopcha jirugi) : Only vertical kick is possible. |
| Side pushing kick - Yopcha Milgi |
|
This is a variation of a side piercing kick. This technique, however, utilizes only weight or mass without acceleration and power, therefore losing the piercing force and naturally rapid withdrawal of the kicking foot becomes less important. The footsword is the only attacking tool used with this technique. Unlike other kicks, this particular one can be executed only from sitting stance, diagonal and parallel stances. Be sure to cross the other foot rapidly past where the kicking foot had been placed while kicking and push the target momentarily. |
| Side thrusting kick - Yopcha Tulgi |
|
This is a variation of a side piercing kick and one of the advantages of this technique is the ability to attack the front of the opponents body at a distance. The ball of the foot is the attacking tool which reaches the target in a straight line with the slightest revolving, and it must be vertical to the target with the ankle stretched at the moment of impact. The toes can be also used if wearing shoes. |
| Sweeping kick - Suroh Chagi |
| The sweeping kick is quite effective in breaking the opponents balance. It is normally executed to the outer ankle joint. The side sole and the back heel are used |
| Turning kick - Dolly Chagi |
|
The turning kick is ideal for attacking an opponent positioned at the side front, and is usually performed with the ball of the foot, instep and knee, however the toes can be used as well if wearing shoes. The turning must be executed from a suitable position and if the position is awkward for this kick the attacker must move into a suitable position. The kick is normally executed from the rear foot, though occasionally the front foot. This technique is classified into low, middle and high turning kicks. The main principles of this kick are : 1. The hip must be swung forward to allow the foot to reach the target in an arc. 2. The ball of the foot must be vertical to the target at the moment of impact. 3. The foot must have reached the apex of the kick shortly before contact so the toes are pointed slightly downward at the instant of contact. 4. The toes of the stationary foot should point 45 degrees outward at the moment of impact. 5. The kicking leg must not be bent more than absolutely necessary at the moment of impact. 6. Do not attempt to kick the target at the direct front. 7. The arms must be kept within sight while kicking. Ball of the foot: The ball of the foot is the most powerful weapon in a turning kick. The face, solar plexus and scrotum are the primary targets with armpit, temple and neck as secondary targets. Knee: The knee is employed in attacking the target at the closest range, and the principal of kicking is basically the same as the ball of the foot. The kick however is executed at the moment when kicking knee is bent Toes: The principal of kicking procedure is exactly the same as the ball of the foot, and the use of it becomes broader when wearing shoes, especially as it is very convenient in attacking the target in distance. Instep: The instep is normally used to attack relatively soft targets such as the neck, jaw, lips or abdomen. If the attacker is wearing shoes the use of this technique becomes broader becomes the vital spot on the instep becomes is then protected. The kicking procedure is the same as a kick with the ball of the foot except that the toes are not pointed downwards and the knee is bent to a lesser degree at the moment of impact. A turning kick with the instep can occasionally be employed against an opponent standing directly in front of the student, but in most cases this technique is more effective when executed at a 90 degree angle. |
| Twisting kick - Bituro Chagi |
|
If the attacking tool approaches the target area describing an out curved line the kick can be defined as a twisting kick which is divided into low middle and high twisting kicks. The foot should be vertical to the target at the moment of impact except for the case of the high twisting kick. Low twisting kick ( Najunde bituro chagi) : It is used in attacking the opponent in front, the inner thigh presents the best target for this kick, and the ball of the foot is the supreme weapon, though occasionally the knee and toes are used. Middle twisting kick( Kanude bituro chagi) : This kick is used for attacking the opponent at the side front. The philtrum, solar plexus and scrotum are the main targets while the ball of the foot and instep are chiefly used, though occasionally the knee or toes are used. High twisting kick ( Nopunde bituro chagi) : This technique is employed in attacking the opponent at the side rear, the face is the only taget, and the ball of the foot is chiefly used, though occasionally the toes can be used when wearing shoes. Keep the back heel faced from at the moment of impact. Ball of the foot: The philtrum, solar plexus and scrotum are served as targets for the ball of the foot. Instep : The face, solar plexus and abdomen are the targets. High twisting kick with an instep is not possible. Toes: They can only be used when wearing shoes |
| Two direction kick - Sangbang Chagi |
|
As the name indicates this technique is used in attacking two opponents simultaneously approaching from two different directions. This can be executed from a sitting position or a lying down position shown in the ground technique of the book. Be sure to support the body with both hands while kicking. The ball of the foot and footsword are used as the attacking tools. |
| Upward kick - Ollyo chagi |
|
This technique is used in attacking the solar plexus or the chest at a close range. Be sure to pull down the opponents head or shoulder with both hands while kicking. |
| Vertical kick - Sewo chagi |
|
This technique is employed in attacking the target from a 90 degree angle. It is performed mainly with the footsword and occasionally with the reverse footsword. The foot must be vertical to the target while bending the leg about 30 degrees at the moment of impact. The attacking tool reaches the target in an arc. |
| Waving kick - Doro chagi |
|
The main purpose of this kick is to block an opponents kick aimed at the scrotum. It is also useful for preventing the side instep being stamped by the opponent. The kick is usually performed in a sitting stance and occasionally a diagonal stance. The main characteristic of this technique is that the kick should be executed so swiftly that the bodys center of gravity remains unchanged during the kick. The side sole is used as a tool which should reach the target in a straight line with no revolving motion. The ankle joint is the only target. The kicking foot should be returned to the ground after each kick. |
Misc |
| Clockwise - |
| Close - |
| Counter - |
| Counter-clockwise - |
| Cross-cut - |
| Degrees - |
| Direction - |
| Extended - |
| Flat - |
| Footsword - |
| Grab - |
| Grabbing - |
| Grasp - |
| Ground - |
| Joint - |
| Maintaining - |
| Opponent's - |
| Opposite - |
| Over - |
| Palm - Sonbadak |
| Bend all the fingers slightly toward the palm to strengthen it. This is chiefly used in blocking and occasionally for attacking the face. |
| Same spot - |
| Shifting - |
| Sides - |
| Slide - |
| Slipping - |
| Spin - |
| Stance - |
| Straight - |
| Strike - |
| Striking - |
| Supporting - |
| Thrust - |
Motion |
| Circular motion - |
| Connecting motion - |
| Continuous motion - |
| Double stepping - |
| Fast motion - |
| Quick motion - |
| Releasing motion - |
| Sliding motion - |
| Slow motion - |
| Stamping motion - |
Punch |
| Angle punch - |
| Crescent punch - Bandal Jirugi |
|
This technique is used for medium range and is mainly performed with the forefist, though occasional a fore-knuckle fist is used. In both cases the punch can be performed with either a single or twin fist. The fist reaches the target in an arc, and can be executed nearly from all stances. Single fist: The punch must be delivered from a 90 degree angle so that fist stays at the center of the attackers body at the moment of impact. |
| Downward punch - Naeryo Jirugi |
| The fist is delivered vertically toward the ground or floor. This technique is used for attacking an opponent who has fallen down, It is usually executed from a walking or L-stance but occasionally a rear foot stance is used. A reverse punch is normal in the case of a walking stance. |
| Fore-knuckle - Inji Joomuk |
| This is usually used for attacking the philtrum, temple and armpit and is executed mainly from close, parallel, sitting and X-stances, though occasionally from walking or one leg stance. This is widely used from a prone position as well |
| Front punch - |
| High punch - Kaunde jirugi |
|
High Attack: When the attacking tool reaches the eye level of the attacker at the moment of impact, it is called a high attack. The attacking tool can reach the philtrum, chest, solar plexus, abdomen or other vital spots depending on the height of the opponent. Regardless of which vital spot is struck, the attack at the eye level of the attacker is called a high attack. |
| Horizontal punch - Soopyong Jirugi |
|
This is a useful form for attacking two targets simultaneously and is executed mainly from a sitting or diagonal stance, though occasionally parallel, close and X-stances. When the right arm is extended it is called a right horizontal punch and vice versa. While one arm is extended fully the other is bent forming a 90 degree angle. Forearms are kept parallel and horizontal at moment of impact. |
| Low punch - Najunde Jirugi |
| Low Attack: When the attacking tool reaches the same level as the attackers umbilicus at the moment of impact, it is called a low attack |
| Middle knuckle - |
| Middle punch - Kaunde jirugi |
| Middle Attack: When the attacking tool reaches the same level as the attackers shoulder at the moment of impact, it is called a middle attack. |
| Side punch - Yop Jirugi |
|
When the punch is delivered to the flank , it is called a side punch. This technique is usually performed with sitting, parallel , close or X-stances and occasionally a diagonal or one legged stance is used. |
| Turning punch - Dollyo Jirugi |
| The principle of this technique is very similar to that of a crescent punch except that only a middle punch with a forefist is used. The fist reaches the target in a sharp curve aiming at the solar plexus, philtrum and abdomen at a closer distance. The fist must be stayed at the center of the attackers body at the moment of impact. |
| Upset punch - Dwijibo Jirugi |
|
This technique is used in attacking the target at a close range and is performed with either a single or twin fist. In any case, the fist must reach the target in a circular motion. Keep the distance between the elbow and the body about 5 centimeters with the backfist facing downward at the moment of impact. Keep the backfist slightly higher than the elbow at the moment of impact. Single fist: It is executed mainly from walking close and parallel stances, though occasionally X- , sitting rear foot, L-, diagonal or one leg stance is used. A reverse punch with with a walking stance and an obverse punch with an L-stance or rear foot stance is normal. Be sure to bring the opposite side fist in front of the shoulder in the case of L-stance, rear foot stance and X-stance. Twin Fist: It is performed mainly with a walking, close, parallel and X-stances but occasionally sitting or one-leg stance is used, This technique is very useful for attacking two targets simultaneously. |
| U-shape punch - Digutja Jirugi |
|
This is usually executed when the hair is grabbed at a close distance. The purpose of this technique is to deliver both fists against the face and solar plexus simultaneously. It is mainly performed with an L-stance or a fixed stance. Keep the fists formed in a vertical line with the body leaning slightly toward the target while the elbow of the lower arm is supported against the hip at the moment of impact. |
| Vertical punch - Sewon Jirugi |
|
The fist is completely in a vertical position e.g, the side fist faces down at moment of impact. This punch is executed either with a single fist or twin fist and is an effective technique when attacking a target or targets at medium range. Keep the elbow bent 40 degrees upward at the moment of impact. Single fist: It is mainly performed with walking, rear foot and L-stances but occasionally with close, vertical, X- or one leg stances. This particular punch can also be performed with a long fist for attacking the middle section of the body. Twin fist: This technique is mainly performed with walking , close, parallel and X- stances, and occasionally with a sitting, one leg or L-stance. The high vertical punch with a twin fist is normally executed against one target, and two targets in rare instances, whereas two targets are dealt with in the case of a middle punch. |
Stance |
| Bending ready stance - Guburyo Junbi Sogi |
|
Its is classified into types A and B. When standing with a right foot executing a left forearm guarding block, it is called a right bending ready stance and vice-versa. Type A : It is principally used for a preparatory position of a side piercing and side thrusting Kick Type B : It is a preparatory position of a back piercing kick 1 The distance between the fists and thighs is about 25 centimeters. 2 The elbows should be bent 30 degrees. |
| Close ready - |
| Close stance - Moa sogi |
| Stand with the feet together. It can be either full facing or half facing. |
| Diagonal stance - Sasun Sogi |
| This is very useful for shifting into a walking stance without relocating the foot. The principle for a sitting stance is directly applied except that the heel of the front foot is placed on the same line as the toes of the rear foot. it is used for attacking and defending against the front or the rear. When the right foot is advanced, the stance is called a right diagonal stance and vice-versa. It can be either full facing or side facing both in attack and defense. |
| Fixed stance - Gojung sogi |
|
It is an effective stance for attack and defense to the side. This stance is similar to the L-stance with the following exceptions: 1. The body weight is distributed on both legs evenly 2. The distance between the big toes is about one and a half shoulder width. When the right foot is advanced, the stance is called a right fixed stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing both in attack and defense. |
| Low stance - Nachuo Sogi |
| The advantage of the low stance is the ease with which one can extend the attacking tool. It can also develop the leg muscles and is effective to adjust the distance to and from the target. It is similar to the walking stance, though longer by one foot. It can be either full facing or half facing. |
| L-stance - Niunja sogi |
|
This is widely used for defense, though used in attack as well. The front foot is readily available for kicking with a slight shift of the body weight and with the advantage of half facing as well as body shifting. 1. Move one foot to either front or rear to a distance of approximately one and a half times the shoulder width from the footsword of the rear foot to the toes of the front foot, forming almost a right angle. It is recommended that the toes of both feet point about 15 degrees inward, placing the front heel beyond the heel of the rear foot about 2.5 centimeters to gain better stability. 2. Bend the rear leg until the knee forms a vertical line with the toes, bending the front leg proportionally. 3. Keep the hip aligned with the inner knee joint. 4. The ratio of the body weight is about 70 percent on the rear leg and 30 percent on the front leg. When the right leg is bent it is called a right L-stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing both in attack and defense. |
| One-leg stance - Waebal Sogi |
| Though this stance is primarily used for balance exercise, it is occasionally used in the attack and defense techniques. Stretch the stationary leg and bring the other reverse footsword on the knee joint or instep to the hollow. When standing with the right foot, it is called a right one-leg stance and vice-versa. It can be either full or half facing, both in attack and defense. |
| Parallel stance - Narani Sogi |
| Spread the feet parallel to shoulder width. Keep the toes pointing toward the front. It can be either full facing or side facing. |
| Ready stance - |
| Rear foot stance - Dwitbal Sogi |
|
This is used for defense and occasionally for attack. The advantage of this kick is the ability to kick or adjust the distance from an opponent with the front foot which can move spontaneously without any additional shifting of the body weight to the rear foot. 1. Move one foot to either the front or the rear with a distance of one shoulder width between the small toes. 2. Bend the rear leg until the knee comes over the toes, placing the heel slightly beyond the heel of the front foot. 3. Bend the front leg, touching the ground slightly with the ball of the foot. 4. Keep the toes of front foot pointing about 25 degrees and the toes of the rear foot about 25 15 degrees inward. 5. Distribute most of the body weight on the rear foot When the right foot is in the rear, the stance is called a right rear foot stance and vice-versa. It is always half facing , both in attack and defense. Be sure to keep the knee of the rear leg pointing sightly inward. |
| Sitting stance - Annun Sogi |
|
This is a very stable stance for lateral movement. It is also widely used for punching exercise and muscle development of the legs. One of the advantages of this stance is shift into walking stance without relocating the foot. 1. Spread one leg to the side at a distance of approximately one and a half shoulder width between the big toes. 2. Point the toes to the front and distribute the weight evenly between both legs. 3. Extend the knees outward, bending until the knee caps come over the ball of the foot. 4. Infuse the strength into the inner thigh and tense inward by scraping the ground or floor with the side soles. 5. Push both the chest and abdomen out and pull the hip back tensing the abdomen. Double width of the shoulder weakens the stance and speedy movement is hampered. It is either full or side facing , both in attack and defense. |
| Vertical stance - soojik Sogi |
|
1. Move one foot to either front or side at a distance of one shoulder width between the big toes. 2. The ratio of body weight is 60 percent on the rear and 40 percent on the front leg. 3. Keep the Keep the toes of both feet pointed approximately 15 degrees inward . 4. Keep the legs straight When the right foot is in the rear, the stance is called a right vertical stance and vise-versa. It is always half facing, both in attack and defense. |
| Walking stance - Gunnun sogi |
|
This is a strong stance for front and rear, both in attack and defense. 1. Move one foot to either front or rear at a distance of one and a half shoulder widths between the big toes and a shoulder width from one centre of the instep to the other. Over one and a half shoulder width in distance makes the movement slow and weak against an attack from the side and weak against an attack fromn the front or rear. 2. Bend the front leg until the knee cap forms a vertical line with the heel, extending the opposite leg fully. 3. Distribute the the body weight evenly on both feet. 4. Keep the toes of the front foot pointing forward, the opposite foot 25 degrees outward, Over 25 degrees weakens the leg joint from an attack from the rear. 5. Tense the muscles of the feet with the feeling of pulling them towards each other. When the right leg is bent, the stance is called a right walking stance and vice-versa. It can be either full facing or half facing both in attack and defense |
| X-stance - Kyocha sogi |
|
This is a very convenient stance, in particular for attacking the side or front in a jumping motion. It is frequently used for blocking and serves as a preparatory stance for moving into the next manoeuvre. 1 Cross one foot over or behind the other, touching the ground slightly with the ball of the foot. 2 Place the body weight on the stationary foot. 3 One foot always crosses over the front of the other with the exception of a jumping motion. When the weight is rested on the right foot, the stance is called a right X-stance and vice-versa. The other foot is usually placed in from of the stationary foot. It can be full, side or half facing in attack and defense. |
Strike |
| Crescent strike - Bandal Taerigi |
|
The method of this techniques is the same as that of the crescent punch . It is performed with the arc-hand and finger pincers. Arc-hand : This is used for attacking the high section of the body only, and is executed mainly from walking, sitting and x-stances and occasionally parallel, close and diagonal stances are used. A reverse strike is normal in the case of a walking stance. Finger Pincers: Although a reverse strike with a walking stance is normal, it can be executed from a sitting, parallel or x-stance stance. |
| Downward strike - Naeryo Taerigi |
|
This technique is divided into front and downward strikes. The knife-hand and back fist are the main tools though occasionally the side fist, back hand, twin side fist, twin knife-hand, twin back hand and base of knife-hand are used. The attacking tool becomes level with the shoulders at the moment of impact in the case of a side downward strike. Keep the arm straight straight when using the knife-hand or the side fist while slightly bending it for the back hand or the back fist at the moment of impact. Side downward strike (Yop Naeryo Taerigi) : The attacking tool reaches the target in a circular motion and can be executed nearly from all stances, though L-stance, rear foot, vertical and x-stances are most suitable. Keep the forearms crossed in front of the chest with both back fists faced upward placing the striking one under the other at the start of blocking. All downward strikes are considered side downward strikes unless special directions are given. Front downward strike (Ap Naeryo Taerigi) : The knife-hand and side fist are mainly used, though occasionally the back fist, back hand or base of knife-hand can be used. The attacking tool forms a straight line with the shoulder at the moment of impact. |
| Elbow strike - Palkup Taerigi |
|
Upper elbow strike (Wi Palkup Taerigi) : This is usually executed from a walking stance. A reverse strike is common in a walking stance and is employed for attacking the opponent at the side front angle. The only target is the point of chin. At the moment of impact the body becomes full facing with the back fist facing upward. High elbow strike ( Nopun Palkup Taerigi) : It can be executed from most stances. Jaw and philtrum are the best targets.Bring the other palm to the side fist to strengthen the striking force. the fist is slightly lower than the elbow with the back fist facing upward while the body becomes side facing at the moment of impact. |
| Front strike - Ap Taerigi |
|
When the body is full facing the target and the attacking tool remains at the center of the attackers body at the moment of impact , it is called a front strike, the back fist , knife-hand and reverse knife-hand are chiefly used with this technique. Back fist : This is normally performed with sitting, walking and x-stances, though occasionally with a close, parallel or diagonal stance. The philtrum is the primary target with the temple as the secondary. Be sure to bring the other back fist under the elbow of the attacking fist which reaches generally the same level as the eyes of the attacker at the moment of impact. Knife-hand : This is manily executed from sitting, walking parallel and x-stances, though occasionally from a close, one-leg stance or standing position. A reverse strike is normal in normal in the case of a walking stance. Keep the arm bent properly and the other hand brought over the arm or in front of the forehead at the moment of impact. Be sure to attack the target form the side front so that the knife-hand is stopped just at the center of the attackers own body. Reverse knife-hand: This is mainly performed with walking, sitting stance and x-stances but occasionally a parallel or closed stance is used. Bring the opposite hand, either under or on the elbow joint at the moment of impact and be sure to attack the target from the side front so that the reverse knife-hand stays at the center of the attackers own body. |
| High strike - |
| Horizontal strike - Soopyang Taerigi |
|
This technique is mainly performed with twin knife-hand, twin side fist and single back fist, and occasionally twin back fist or twin back hand is used. be sure to keep the arm straight and horizontal at the moment of impact. Twin knife-hand: This is very useful in attacking two opponents simultaneously approaching from the rear and is chiefly executed from walking, sitting and parallel stances, though occasionally a close stance, one-leg stance is used. Keep the body full facing the front at the moment of impact. Twin side fist: The principle of this techniques is the same as that of a twin knife-hand except the difference of target. Back fist: the principle is the same as that of a twin side fist, however the side fist faces downward instead of backward at the moment of impact. Single Back fist: This can be performed in all stances except a walking stance. Twin back fist: The principle of this is the same as that of a twin knife-hand. Back hand: The principle of this technique is the same as that of a back fist but the face is the only target. Single back hand: The principle is the same as that of a single back fist. Twin back hand: The principle is also the same as that of a twin knife-hand. |
| Inward strike - Anuro Taerigi |
|
When the attacking tool reaches the target inwardly it is called an inward strike. The knife-hand is the prime tool though occasionally twin knife-hand, twin reverse knife-hand, under fist, palm, twin palm and bear hand are used. The attacking tool reaches the chest line at the moment of impact. This technique is effective in attacking the target located at the side front in most cases. Knife-hand: Inward strike with a knife-hand can be executed from nearly all stances, though walking rear foot and L-stances are mainly used. - Walking Stance : Both obverse and reverse strikes are possible - L-Stance : Both obverse and reverse stance are possible but be sure to bring the opposite side fist in front of the shoulder at the moment of impact. The same principles are applicable to rear foot and vertical stances. Twin knife-hand: This is mainly executed from walking, sitting and x-stances, and occasionally a parallel or close stance is used. Keep the body full facing the target at the moment of impact. Twin reverse knife-hand strike : The principle of this technique is the same as that of a knife-hand strike with one exception; the attacking tool reaches the target in an arc rather than a straight line. Under fist: It is mainly executed from a walking , sitting stance and x-stance and occasionally a parallel, close or diagonal stance. Bear Hand: The method is the same as that of under fist but the ear point is the only target. Palm : It can be executed nearly from all stances though walking and rear foot stances are normally used. The jaw and lips are the targets and a reverse strike is common in the case of a rear foot stance or L-stance. Twin Palm : Keep the body full facing the target at the moment of impact. |
| Mid-air strike - Twio Dolmyo Taerigi |
|
The principle of attack remains the same as the flying side strike except the at the strike is executed while spinning in the air. Spinning is executed either in 360 degree or 180 degrees. The knife-hand is the supreme weapon though occasionally a back fist is used. |
| Outward strike - Bakuro Taerigi |
| When the attacking tool reaches the target from inward to outward, it is called an outward strike, resulting in a side strike. The knife-hand, back fist and side fist are usually employed. |
| Side back strike - Yopdwi Taerigi |
|
This is a useful technique for someone standing at a side rear angle. It can be executed from nearly every stance, though walking, sitting and close stances are mostly employed. The back fist is chiefly used, though back hand may be used in rare cases. Keep the attacking tool full facing the target while extending the opposite arm to the side-downward at the moment of impact. |
| Side strike - Yop Taerigi |
|
If the body becomes half facing or side facing the target at the moment of impact, it is called a side strike and is executed in the form of an outward strike. It can be performed with all stances. The knife hand and back fist are primary weapons, though occasionally the side fist and back hand are employed. The attacking tool forms a straight line with the center of shoulders at the moment of impact. Knfie-hand : It is mainly executed from a sitting , close, L- and X-stances, though occasionally a parallel, one-leg, vertical diagonal or walking stance is used. A reverse strike is normal in the case of vertical, rear foot and L-stances. Side fist : The principle of this technique is the same as that of a knife-hand. Back Fist ; This is normally used for attacking the temple. Keep the back fist half facing the target with the arm slightly bent at the moment of impact. Single back hand : This can be performed from all stances although sitting, parallel, and x-stance are mostly used. Twin back hand : This can be executed mainly from walking sitting and x-stances, though occasionally close , parallel or one-leg stance is used. |